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Objective: To analyze the diversity differences of gut microbiota between school-aged obese children and normal-weight children and identify the characteristic flora in obese children to provide some evidence for the subsequent study of the following study-related mechanisms and the prevention and treatment of obesity in school-aged children. Methods: This study was based on a cohort established in a primary school in Jiading district, Shanghai, 2016. Sixty-three children, including 43 boys and 20 girls, who were obese during the three years from 2016 to 2018, were enrolled in the obesity group. Among children who were average weight for three years, a total of 63 were selected as the control group, with matching with the obese ones in a 1 to 1 way according to age, sex and class. The primary characteristics, diet status, breastfeeding, and other information of children were collected by questionnaire. Fecal samples of participants in both groups were collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Operable taxon units clustering according to 97% similarity and species annotation were based on the quality-optimized sequences. The difference in the diversity and genius of gut microbiota among children in the obesity and control groups were analyzed. The α diversity indices, including Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson index, were calculated. The β diversity was presented based on unweighted Unifrac distance and weighted Unifrac space by principal coordinate analysis. The differences in β diversity between the two groups were compared by similarity analysis (ANOSIM).The differences in genus distribution between the two groups were selected by STAMP software. The association of obesity with the α diversity and genus with significant differences were analyzed by the generalized linear model (GLM). Results: The Ace and Chao1 index in the obesity group was significantly lower than those in the control group (The P values were 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference in Shannon and Simpson index between the two groups (The P values were 0.879 and 0.922, respectively). The results of ANOSIM showed differences in gut microbiota between the two groups (R>0), but the group contribution was not significant (unweighted Unifrac distance: R=0.006, P=0.223; weighted Unifrac distance: R=0.010, P=0.134). Among the obese group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Sarcina was highest in the endemic genus. The STAMP results showed that the relative lots of 15 genera were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of GLM showed that, compared with the control group, the obesity group had a lower level of the relative abundance in Akkermansia muciniphila, while a higher level in Coprococcus_3, Ruminococcus, Agathobacter and Collinsella. After stratification by sex, the Chao1 index was also lower in the obese boys than that in the normal-weight boys. However, the obese girls only had a higher level in Coprococcus_3 than the ordinary weight girls. Conclusions: Compared with children with average weight, obese children had lower α diversity of gut microbiota and lower relative abundance of dominant probiotics but had a higher relative lot of genus associated with metabolic disorders, inflammation promotion, and metabolism rate reduction.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Feces , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of sedentary behavior on chronic diseases of different occupational groups in Jiading District. Methods We studied the sedentary time and the morbidity of chronic illnesses among different occupational groups aged between 20 and 74 in Anting town, Huating town and Huangdu town. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension (37.88%) was greater than that of diabetes (8.64%), and the prevalence of both chronic diseases in men was greater than that in women.There was a difference in prevalence between the two types of chronic diseases in different occupational groups.The length of time the subjects sat or leaned on each day was consistent with the occupational distribution of the two chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases among different occupational groups may be related to sedentary behavior.CDC and community should promote education and encourage sports among these occupations.
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Objective To investigate the influence of sedentary behavior on chronic diseases of different occupational groups in Jiading District. Methods We studied the sedentary time and the morbidity of chronic illnesses among different occupational groups aged between 20 and 74 in Anting town, Huating town and Huangdu town. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension (37.88%) was greater than that of diabetes (8.64%), and the prevalence of both chronic diseases in men was greater than that in women.There was a difference in prevalence between the two types of chronic diseases in different occupational groups.The length of time the subjects sat or leaned on each day was consistent with the occupational distribution of the two chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases among different occupational groups may be related to sedentary behavior.CDC and community should promote education and encourage sports among these occupations.
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Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hand injuries among registered population in Jiading District of Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for scientific prevention and control. Methods Anting town, Huangdu town and Huating town were selected for investigation.Incidence of hand injuries among registered population was investigated by questionnaires. Results A total of 10 083 registered population was included in the study, with the average age being 57.1 ± 10.4 years old.Of them, 4 039 were male and 6 044 were female, 92.2% were married and 7.8% had college degree or above.The 26.8% of the subjects smoked at least one cigarette per day for more than six months, 13.1% drank at least three times per week for more than six months, and 43.7% exercised at least 10 minutes per week.The 37.9% had hypertension, 8.6% had diabetes, and 14.5% had hyperlipidemia.The incidence of hand injuries was 2.1%, of which 61.8% occurred at home and workplaces.Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension was the risk factor and smoking was the protective factor associated with hand injuries. Conclusion The incidence of hand injuries is low in Jiading District.Household hand injuries may be crucial for prevention; in addition, patients with hypertension might be a key population for prevention.
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Objective To summarize the implementation process of Health Project for Residents and evaluate the effect, so as to provide reference for the successive advance development of the project. Methods Field investigation combined with current data review was carried out and 2 498 residents were sampled by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Results With the general goal of Healthy Anting, health promotion programs named “12345”( i.e.one investigation, two carriers, three platforms, four programs and five approaches) had been conducted from 2012 to 2015, which promoted health into fami-lies, communities and companies greatly.The project awareness rate of residents was 63.6%, which was 4.0% higher than that in 2012.91.7% of residents were totally satisfied with the project.The life expectancy was 83.22 in 2015, which was 0.52 years higher than that in 2012.Infectious diseases were controlled in low level and the incidence of categories A and B was 101.78 per hundred thousand.The current prevalence of cancer was 2.43%, which was higher than that in 2012 (1.83%).The cigarette smoking rate was 22.30%, lower than that in 2012(25.56%).The proportion of residents who attended physical exercise in spare time was 45.5%, higher than that in 2012 ( 30.6%).Meanwhile, the prevalence of residents in two weeks was 6.3%, lower than that in 2012 (10.3%).Additionally, the proportion of visiting community center as their first choice was 40 .20%, which was higher than that in 2012 ( 38 .1%) . Conclusion Remarkable achievements had been made and the Health Project for Residents should be carried out successively on the basis of local reality as well as the health related policies, so as to satisfy the health demand and total health level of residents.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether Acanthamoeba polyphaga could affect the survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae O139 in low temperature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>V. cholerae O139 was co-cultured with the Acanthamoeba polyphaga to be examined on its intracellular growth and survival rate within cysts at low temperature, using methods as Gram-staining, electron microscope and passage culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>V. cholerae O139 were observed to enter into the trophozoites and grow the within the vacuoles after 8 hour incubation with Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The germs survived in the vacuole and/or endo-layer of wall and could be re-isolated from the excystment of Acanthamoeba polyphaga. At 30 degrees C, V. cholerae O139 could survive for 120 days with the amoeba while less than 45 days in PAS. At 4 degrees C, the number of viable bacteria decreased and reached undetectable levels for both study and control groups after a 30-day incubation. V. cholerae O139 could be re-isolated from the 30-, 45-, 60- and 75-day's infected cysts after excystment. However the ability of excystment for 90-day's infected cysts decreased and V. cholerae O139 within the cyst could not be isolated again because the amoebae had lysed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicated that V. cholerae O139 could grow within Acanthamoeba polyphaga and the survival time could be increased in the cysts at low temperature. It seemed that Acanthamoeba can provide an environmental reservoir for V. cholerae O139.</p>
Subject(s)
Acanthamoeba , Microbiology , Bacterial Capsules , Colony Count, Microbial , Temperature , Vibrio choleraeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae inside the Acanthamoeba polyphage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Survival and growth of Vibro cholerae O139, co-cultured with Acanthamoeba polyphaga, was observed inside the trophozoites and cysts, using Gram stain and electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Viable O139 was observed inside the amoebal vacuoles in 24 hours. Vacuoles were filled with more bacteria along with the longer period of co-culture. The process of O139 infection with Amoebae would include uptake, formation of O139 vacuole, multiplication, trophozoites lysed and expel under electron microscopy. Some infected trophozoites could subsequently encyst and the surviving O139 could locate in the vesicles inside the cysts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>O139 might survive and multiply in the trophozoites and reside inside the cysts of Amoebae, suggesting that Acanthamoebae might serve as one of the environmental hosts of Vibro cholerae.</p>